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William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company (also known as William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Company) of Philadelphia was founded in 1830 by William Cramp, and was the preeminent U.S. iron shipbuilder of the late 19th century. The American Ship & Commerce Corporation bought the yard in 1919 but closed it in 1927 as fewer ships were ordered by the U.S. Navy after passage of the Naval Limitations Treaty in 1923. In 1940, the Navy spent $22 million to reopen the yard as Cramp Shipbuilding to build cruisers and submarines. Cramp used the long slipways to construct two submarines at a time, with the intention of launching them simultaneously. However, the shipyard's submarine construction program was not especially successful, as poor management hindered the delivery of the boats.〔Stefan Terzibaschitsch, ''Submarines of the US Navy'', Arms and Armour Press, 1991. p.70, 71〕 The first delivery was made two years after keel laying, and fitting out was then done by Portsmouth Navy Yard. The best construction time for a submarine was 644 days.〔Terzibaschitsch, p.70, 71〕 Cramp closed in 1947 and the site, on the Delaware River in Philadelphia's Port Richmond neighborhood, became an industrial park. ==Notable projects== * , a small ocean liner built for the Red D Line in 1882. She was wrecked on the coastline of Vancouver Island, on January 22, 1906, killing around 116 people.〔Belyk, Robert C. ''Great Shipwrecks of the Pacific Coast''. New York: Wiley, 2001. ISBN 0-471-38420-8〕 ''Valencia's'' loss is considered one of the worst shipwrecks in the region known as the Graveyard of the Pacific. * , was launched on 6 October 1888 and played a major role in the Baltimore crisis and took part in the Spanish–American War. * , was launched on 2 December 1891 and became flagship of Admiral William T. Sampson's squadron during the Spanish–American War. * , Battleship No. 1 of the United States Navy, launched 28 February 1893. * and —the first major ocean liners built in the United States after the collapse of the Collins Line in the 1850s. On 15 November 1899, ''St. Paul,'' en route from New York to England with Guglielmo Marconi on board supervising the ship's new wireless telegraph equipment, became the first liner to report her imminent arrival by radio. * contracted by Russian Imperial Admiralty, launched October 31, 1899. The cruiser was sunk by the crew in Russo-Japanese War, salvaged by the Japanese and then reclaimed by the Russians. * SS ''Evangeline'', a coastal passenger liner built in 1927 for the Eastern Steamship Company.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilders )〕 While operating as the cruise ship ''Yarmouth Castle'' in 1965, she caught fire, killing 87 people. * On 8 December 1942, the keel to the light cruiser designated CL-91, was laid down by the Cramp Shipbuilding Company. On 22 April 1943, Oklahomans were outraged, having just learned that the Japanese had executed the captured American pilots from Jimmy Doolittle's bombing raid over Tokyo. That same day, booths were set up in Oklahoma City with the a goal to sell $40 million in War Bonds to fund the construction of a cruiser. That goal was topped by $5 million when the booths closed that night. CL-91 then became the . * The last ship Cramp's built was the cruiser , launched on April 22, 1945. Works of the firm that are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places include: * , Shipwreck, Amook Island, Larsen Bay, Alaska, NRHP-listed in Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska * , Hackensack River at 150 River St., Hackensack, New Jersey〔 * , National Historic Landmark, Battleship Cove, Fall River, Massachusetts〔 * , Shipwreck 1. mi. SSW of Pensacola Pass, Pensacola, Florida〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Cramp & Sons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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